REPORT: CATEGORY AND IDENTIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

I. TITLE: CATEGORY AND IDENTIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
II. Day, date: monday,12 aprill 2017
III. Goal :
1. Assess the similarity of the properties of the elements in the periodic table.
2. Observe flame test and reaction of some alkaline and alkaline earth elements.
3. Recognize the reaction of chlorine and halide water.
4. Analyzing an anu solution containing alkaline and alkaline earth elements and halides

THEORYTICAL BASE:
The flame becomes the hallmark of each of the elements. The sharp yellow flame color is a practical way to determine the element of sodium. This is why flame testing can be used to determine unknown solutions.
The halide salt of alkali and alkaline earth reacts to a more oxidizing halogen, thus forming a halogen of the halide. The order of oxidizing forces is: F2> Cl2> Br2> I2. F2 can oxidize Cl- to Cl2 and Cl2 can oxidize Br- to Br2 and so on.
 The classification of the next element is the classification held by J.A Newlands in 1864-1866. The elements that were known at that time were arranged according to the increasing atomic weight. It finds that the eighth element of an element, having the same properties as the element under consideration. So after every seven elements there is a repetition of its chemical properties. Thus obtained a row of elements consisting of seven elements. Therefore it resembles the music charts, Newlands named it the octave letter of a given element

TOOL AND MATERIALS:
Tool:
• Test tube
• Reaction tube shelf
• Nichrome wire
• Drop pipette
• Bunsen
• Brace
Material:
• BaC l2
• CaCl2
• NaCl
• KCl
• Dense HCl
• NaBr
• NaCl
• (NH4) 2PO4

PROCUDURE;
- first Added 1ml carbon tetrachloride, 1ml water chlorine and 5tetes dilute nitric acid (6M). 1 ml of 0.5M NaCl solution
1 ml of 0.5M NaBr solution
1 ml 0.5M NaM solution
- then, Shake each tube
   Observation result.
- next, Flame test
- and then, Recorded observations
- Finnaly Put in 3 test tubes and add

OBSERVATION RESULT:

No.	Zat	Warna Nyala
1.	NaCl + Cl2	CLER
2.	NaBr + Cl2	YELLOW
3.	NaI + Cl2	RED

DISCUSSION:

Based on the experimental results, the reaction is yellow NaCl + Cl, NaBr + Cl is yellow, NaI + Cl2 is purple.
The halide salt of the alkaline earth may act with a more oxidizing halogen. The halogen element is the most reactive non-metallic group. From top to bottom, boiling point and melting titk increase. At room temperature (25oc, 1 atm) F2 and Cl2 are gases, Br2 is a volatile liquid and a solid, sublimate I2 is sublimable. The halda molecule has a color because it absorbs light as the result of excitation of electrons to a higher level. In experiments of halide reactions involving one of the alkali metals of Sodium, which these metals tend to oxidize (releasing electrons), so that all metals have a reducing property. There is a metal that is weak reductor. For example NaCl + C6H4 + HNO3 + Cl. Sodium can react with acidic solution, because Na is located to the left of H.
The halide and alkaline and alkaline earth salts may react with a more oxidizing halogen, thus forming a halogen of the halide. The order of oxidizing forces is F2> Cl2> Br2> I2. F2 can oxidize Cl- to Cl2 and Cl2 can oxidize Br- to Br2 and so on. While Br2 can not oxidize Cl- to Cl2. The following color results obtained:
No.
Substance
Color of Hexane solution
1.
NaCl + Cl2
The top layer is clear, the bottom layer is slightly yellow
2.
NaBr + Cl2
Top layer of yellowish orange, clear undercoat
3.
NaI + Cl2
The top layer is reddish purple, the bottom layer is red

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results of experiments and observations, we can conclude several things: In the Periodic Table, each element lies in a certain group and period, so that there are groups that have similar properties, such as elements that lie in one group have the same properties. Flame test of alkali and alkaline earth elements. The flame colors of alkaline element (IA) are: Li (red), Na (yellow), K (Purple), Rb (red), and Cs (Blue). The flame color of the alkaline earth element (IIA) is: Mg (white), Ca (red), Sr (dark red), and Ba (green). The chlorine water reacts with the Br- and I ions by forming a precipitate, in a Cr-formed yellowish orange precipitate on the top layer, in a red-colored precipitate deposited on the top layer. While chlorine water does not react with Cl- ions so that in the experiment only formed a clear and slightly cloudy colored layer. Substance X identified by praktikan from the experimental results is KCl and the substance Y is NaI.